Observable Universe Time Horizon
How slower time in the past creates an observational boundary
Present Day (H₀):
67.4 km/s/Mpc
At Deep Past Time Rate:
134.8 km/s/Mpc
Ratio H_past / H_present:
2.00×
Concept: If the early universe had slower time flow (lower time rate ratio), light emitted then would be increasingly redshifted.
Beyond a critical distance, the redshift becomes infinite—creating an optical horizon where we cannot observe further back in time.
The Circle: Represents the boundary where time in the past was running so slowly (relative to us now) that photons emitted then appear infinitely redshifted—effectively making that region unobservable. This is analogous to how the CMB appears as an optical horizon not from distance alone, but from the time gradient between emission and observation.
Hubble Constant: In this framework, the "expansion rate" (Hubble constant H) reflects the time gradient steepness. If past time was slower, the gradient is steeper, making H appear larger in the past. The ratio H_past/H_present = 1/time_rate_ratio. At time rate 0.5, past H would be 2× present H—objects appear to recede twice as fast due to the steeper time gradient.
Stars: Objects beyond the horizon (red) cannot be observed—their light is redshifted beyond detection. Objects within the horizon (white/blue) are observable, with color indicating how redshifted they are based on time gradient distance.
The Circle: Represents the boundary where time in the past was running so slowly (relative to us now) that photons emitted then appear infinitely redshifted—effectively making that region unobservable. This is analogous to how the CMB appears as an optical horizon not from distance alone, but from the time gradient between emission and observation.
Hubble Constant: In this framework, the "expansion rate" (Hubble constant H) reflects the time gradient steepness. If past time was slower, the gradient is steeper, making H appear larger in the past. The ratio H_past/H_present = 1/time_rate_ratio. At time rate 0.5, past H would be 2× present H—objects appear to recede twice as fast due to the steeper time gradient.
Stars: Objects beyond the horizon (red) cannot be observed—their light is redshifted beyond detection. Objects within the horizon (white/blue) are observable, with color indicating how redshifted they are based on time gradient distance.
Observable (Recent time)
Observable (Intermediate)
Beyond Horizon (Infinitely redshifted)
Observer (Present time)
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