J. Rogers, SE Ohio, 27 Jul 2025, 1517
Abstract
We present a radical reinterpretation of gravitational interaction that eliminates the need for curved spacetime, gravitational fields, and fundamental forces. By recognizing that particles create time experience fields with magnitude m/r at the Planck scale, we show that gravity emerges simply from the coupling of two such time fields. Newton's gravitational law F = Gm₁m₂/r² is revealed to be the coordinate expression of two time fields (m₁/r)(m₂/r) scaled to force units by the conversion factor G. This perspective dissolves the quantum gravity problem and provides immediate physical intuition for gravitational phenomena.
1. Introduction
For over three centuries, gravity has been understood as either a force between masses (Newton) or the curvature of spacetime (Einstein). Both approaches, while mathematically successful, require increasingly complex theoretical machinery and leave fundamental questions unanswered. We propose that gravity is neither force nor geometry, but rather the direct coupling of time experience fields generated by particles.
2. The Substrate Reality: Time Fields at the Planck Scale
2.1 The Fundamental Time Field
At the Planck scale, each particle generates a time experience field with magnitude:
φ(r) = m/r
where:
- m is the particle's time experience interaction strength (traditionally called "mass")
- r is the distance from the particle
- φ(r) represents the time experience field intensity at distance r
This field is dimensionless at the substrate level, representing pure proportional relationships in the coherent reality underlying measurement.
2.2 Physical Interpretation
The time field φ(r) = m/r describes how a particle's time experience affects the temporal flow at distance r. This is not a mathematical abstraction but the actual mechanism by which particles influence their surroundings:
- Near the particle (small r): Strong time experience influence
- Far from the particle (large r): Weak time experience influence
- The scaling: Perfectly proportional to m/r
3. Time Field Coupling: The Mechanism of Gravity
3.1 The Coupling Process
When two particles are separated by distance r, they generate overlapping time fields at the midpoint (or any point along the line connecting them):
Particle 1 time field: φ₁ = m₁/r
Particle 2 time field: φ₂ = m₂/r
Where the r is the same between the two masses
The gravitational interaction arises from the direct coupling of these time fields:
Coupling strength = φ₁ × φ₂ = (m₁/r)(m₂/r) = m₁m₂/r²
3.2 The Substrate Calculation
At the substrate level, gravity performs the simple calculation:
- Particle 1 creates time field m₁/r
- Particle 2 creates time field m₂/r
- The fields couple multiplicatively: (m₁/r)(m₂/r)
- Result: m₁m₂/r² coupling strength
This is the complete gravitational mechanism. No forces, no field equations, no curved spacetime—just time field multiplication.
4. Coordinate Projection: From Substrate to Measurement
4.1 The Role of G
The gravitational constant G is not a fundamental property of nature but a coordinate transformation coefficient that converts the dimensionless substrate coupling m₁m₂/r² into force units:
F = G × (m₁m₂/r²)
where G = (l_P²/m_P²) × F_P converts from Planck-scale coupling to SI force units.
4.2 The Complete Translation
The full process from substrate reality to measured force:
- Substrate: Two time fields couple as (m₁/r)(m₂/r)
- Scaling: Multiply by conversion factor G
- Measurement: Record result in force units (Newtons)
What we measure as "gravitational force" is actually time field coupling strength expressed in our arbitrary unit system.
5. Implications and Insights
5.1 The Elimination of Fundamental Complexity
This perspective eliminates numerous conceptual problems:
- No action at a distance: Time fields couple directly where they overlap
- No mysterious forces: Only time experience interactions
- No curved spacetime: Space remains flat; time experience varies from point to point in the universe.
- No quantum gravity problem: Nothing complex to quantize
5.2 Immediate Physical Intuition
The time field coupling model provides instant intuition:
- Why gravity is universal: All particles generate time fields
- Why it follows inverse square: Time field strength scales as m/r
- Why it's always attractive: Time fields couple constructively
- Why mass equals inertia: Both measure time experience interaction strength
5.3 The Weak Field Limit
In the weak field approximation of general relativity, the metric perturbation is:
h₀₀ ≈ 2Φ/c² = 2Gm/(c²r)
This is precisely our time field m/r scaled by the coordinate factors 2G/c². The "weak field" is literally the time field m/r projected into spacetime coordinates.
6. Historical Perspective: The Hidden Truth
6.1 Newton's Equation Reinterpreted
Newton's law F = Gm₁m₂/r² has always contained the truth:
- m₁m₂/r²: Time field coupling (m₁/r)(m₂/r)
- G: Coordinate scaling factor
- F: Coupling strength in force units
For 300 years, we saw forces and masses where we should have seen time field interactions.
6.2 Einstein's Spacetime as Coordinate Artifact
Einstein's geometric interpretation captured the mathematical structure of time field effects but misidentified the mechanism. Spacetime curvature is the coordinate shadow cast by time field coupling—accurate mathematics wrapped in unnecessary geometric mythology.
7. Experimental Predictions and Tests
7.1 Equivalence Principle
The equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass follows immediately: both measure the same quantity—a particle's time experience interaction strength. There is no coincidence to explain.
7.2 Time Dilation
Gravitational time dilation emerges directly from time field intensity. In a gravitational field of strength φ = m/r, time experience is modified proportionally, leading to the observed time dilation effects.
7.3 Orbital Mechanics
Planetary orbits result from the continuous coupling of the planet's time field with the sun's time field, creating the trajectory we observe. No force is required—just ongoing time field interaction.
8. Quantum Implications
8.1 The Dissolution of Quantum Gravity
Since gravity is just time field coupling at the substrate level, there is no complex classical theory to quantize. The "quantum gravity problem" dissolves because gravity was never fundamentally complex.
8.2 Unification Perspective
Rather than unifying gravity with other forces, we recognize that all interactions may be different types of time experience coupling between particles, each with their own coupling rules and scaling factors.
9. Conclusions
We have shown that gravity is the coupling of time experience fields generated by particles, with coupling strength (m₁/r)(m₂/r) scaled to force units by the coordinate factor G. This perspective:
- Eliminates theoretical complexity: No curved spacetime, no gravitational fields, no action at a distance
- Provides immediate intuition: Time fields coupling where they overlap
- Dissolves conceptual problems: Quantum gravity, equivalence principle, force vs. geometry debates
- Reveals historical blindness: The truth was hidden in Newton's equation for 300 years
The most profound insight in gravitational physics may be that there is no gravitational physics—only time experience patterns interacting in the simplest possible way, which we then measure using our coordinate systems and interpret as forces.
Gravity is not fundamental. Forces are not fundamental. Only time experience coupling is fundamental, and everything else is coordinate projection of this substrate reality.
References
[1] Newton, I. Principia Mathematica (1687)
[2] Einstein, A. The Field Equations of Gravitation (1915)
[3] Rogers, J. The Structure of Physical Law as a Grothendieck Fibration (2025)
[4] Rogers, J. LawForge: The Physics Law Discovery Engine - GitHub Repository (2025)
"The most profound truths are often the simplest ones, hidden beneath layers of unnecessary complexity."
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